混凝土小砌块约束砌体结构的抗震性能——基于层间位移的分析     

左淑红  熊立红  田志敏 《世界地震工程》2012,28(2):64-71

混凝土小砌块约束砌体结构,由于加入芯柱、构造柱、圈梁,使结构整体性提高,因此具有较好的抗震性能和发展前景。通过整理94个混凝土小砌块约束砌体墙片试验数据,考虑权重,统计了混凝土小砌块约束砌体墙片延性系数,给出了延性系数与高度、延性系数比与高宽的关系,同时给出了层间开裂位移角、层间极限位移角公式,以及接近倒塌时混凝土小砌块约束砌体结构层间位移的计算公式,并与一个八层混凝土小砌块约束砌体结构的动力时程分析结果进行了对比,结果显示,最大误差在顶层,为17.7%,因此,所提层间位移计算公式是可以满足工程精度需要的,为混凝土小砌块约束砌体结构基于性态的抗震分析提供参考。  相似文献   

东北夏季极端低温天气事件的定义及其冷空气路径分析     

李尚锋  孙钦宏  姚耀显  廉毅 《地理科学》2014,34(2):246-256

采用东北三省150 个测站1961~2010 年的逐日温度资料和同期美国环境预报中心（NCEP）以及国家大气研究中心（NCAR）2.5°×2.5°分辨率的全球再分析资料,定义了东北夏季极端低温天气事件（extreme low-temperatureevent 以下简称ELTE事件）,统计给出了ELTE事件的发生、峰值和持续时间的日历表。根据该日历分析,发现了影响东北地区夏季ELTE事件的最主要的2 条冷空气路径（西北路径和东北路径）,1961~2010 年期间,影响东北地区的ELTE事件最主要是受西北路径的冷空气的影响,其次是东北路径。同时也发现,ELTE事件20 世纪80 年代发生频率最高,90 年代后开始减少,但是东北路径的ELTE事件在90 年代以后开始明显的增加。还发现,ELTE事件发生的前4 d,贝加尔湖地区若是被低压槽覆盖,易发生西北路径的ELTE事件,若该区域被一个东北-西南走向的高压斜脊控制,同时鄂霍次克海区域存在一个低压中心,形成西北“+”东南“-”的跷跷板形态,易发生东北路径的ELTE事件。  相似文献   

极值统计理论的进展及其在气候变化研究中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

丁裕国  李佳耘  江志红  余锦华 《气候变化研究进展》2011,7(4):248-252

着重论述极值统计分布在极端天气气候事件和重大工程设计中的重要意义,综述该领域国内外研究进展。例如,基于超门限峰值法（POT）的广义帕累托分布（GPD)和基于单元极大值法（BM）的广义极值分布（GEV）及其参数间的理论关系;采用极值分布模型与多状态一阶Markov链相结合构建降尺度模型模拟局地极端降水事件,推算一定重现期的极端降水量的分位数;探讨极值分布模型分位数估计误差问题,多维极值分布理论及其应用等问题。  相似文献   

克拉玛依特强大风的气候特征及天气分析与预报     

孙东霞  谢小红  郭晓静 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2008,2(4):18-21

分析1971—2006年克拉玛依11级以上特强大风天气的气候特征,总结了年代际变化及月、季分布特点。研究显示,在全球气候变暖造成极端天气事件明显增多的大气候背景下,克拉玛依特强大风天气呈明显减少趋势。在这种气候背景下,利用NCEP资料,分析了克拉玛依发生特强大风的主要天气形势特征,提出预报思路,给出预报经验指标,提高对特强大风的防范意识和预报能力  相似文献   

北京极端气温变化特征及其对城市化的响应   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

郑祚芳 《地理科学》2011,31(4):459-463

应用1960~2009年逐日气象记录,在对观测资料进行均一化处理的基础上,分析北京地区极端气温的时间变化特征及其对城市化的响应过程。结果表明,过去50 a北京极端最高、最低气温分别以0.23℃/10 a以及1.02℃/10 a的线性倾向率显著增加,在1988年前后存在明显的增暖性突变。1997~2009年间北京高温日数最多,霜冻日数最少。1980年起,北京市区极端最高气温及其增温率明显高于近郊和远郊,高温日数维持市区多于近郊,近郊多于远郊的格局。近、远郊极端最低气温温差高于城、近郊温差。  相似文献   

Gravity change observed in a local gravity network and its implication to seasonal precipitation in Dali county,Yunnan province,China     

Xin Zhou  Wenke Sun  Hui Li  Shuhei Okubo  Shaoan Sun  Lelin Xing  Dongzhi Liu  Chongyang Shen 《地震学报(英文版)》2014,(1):79-88

This study investigates data-processing methods and examines the precipitation effect on gravity measurements at the Dali gravity network, established in 2005. High-quality gravity data were collected during four measurement campaigns. To use the gravity data validly, some geophysical corrections must be considered carefully. We first discuss data-processing methods using weighted leastsquares adjustment with the constraint of the absolute gravity datum. Results indicate that the gravity precision can be improved if all absolute gravity data are used as constraints and if calibration functions of relative gravimeters are modeled within the observation function. Using this data-processing scheme, the mean point gravity precision is better than 12 lgal. After determining the best data-processing scheme, we then process the gravity data obtained in the four measurement campaigns, and obtain gravity changes in three time periods. Results show that the gravity has a remarkable change of more than 50 lgal in the first time period from Apr–May of 2005 to Aug–Sept of 2007. To interpret the large gravity change, a mean water mass change(0.6 m in height) is assumed in the ETOPO1 topographic model. Calculations of the precipitation effect on gravity show that it can reach the same order of the observed gravity change. It is regarded as a main source of the remarkable gravity change in the Dali gravity network, suggesting that the precipitation effect on gravity measurements must be considered carefully.  相似文献   

1961—2009年新疆极端降水事件时空差异特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵丽  杨青  韩雪云  刘燕丽 《中国沙漠》2014,34(2):550-557

选用1961—2009年新疆61个测站的逐日降水资料,根据百分位值方法定义不同台站的极端降水阈值,用一元线性回归、M-K突变检验及EOF分析等方法分析各区域50年来极端降水的时空分布特征及变化趋势。结果表明：（1） 过去50年新疆极端降水事件总体表现出了波动上升的趋势,但各区域的极端降水量相差悬殊,极端降水量受地形因素影响大;（2） 阿尔泰山区、准噶尔盆地和天山山区的极端降水量分别在1986年、1983年和1989年发生显著的上升突变;（3） 极端降水阈值、年均降水量、年均极端降水量、年均极端降水频率和极端降水强度呈现山区高、盆地低的特点;年降水量越少的区域,极端降水对年降水量的贡献越大。  相似文献   

1961-2010年新疆极端降水过程时空特征     

慈晖  张强  张江辉  白云岗  刘剑宇 《地理研究》2014,33(10):1881-1891

采用新疆50个气象测站1961-2010年逐日降水资料,选用14个极端降水指数探讨新疆极端降水事件的发生与变化。结果表明：无论平均降水过程还是极端降水过程,均能反映新疆明显的湿润化趋势。伴随降水量的增加,降水强度及降水频率均增大,除CDD变化表现为下降趋势外,其他指数变化均呈上升趋势。分析各极端降水指数序列变化,20世纪60-70年代年际变化幅度小,稳定性好;80-90年代年际差异大,稳定性差;新疆东部各极端降水指数上升与下降趋势小幅交替出现,而北疆、南疆及全疆极端指数序列则呈明显且单一的上升趋势。各极端降水指数最大概率变异年为1986年、2009年;降水变异后,新疆弱降水过程变化不明显,但强降水过程变幅增大,易导致洪旱灾害等极端气象水文事件的发生。  相似文献   

Advances in separating effects of climate variability and human activity on stream discharge: An overview     

《Advances in water resources》2014

Separating effects of climate change (ΔQ^c) and human activity (ΔQ^h) on stream discharge at the watershed scale is needed for developing adaptive measures to climate change. However, information is scarce in existing literature regarding whether such separating is feasible and whether reliable results can be produced. The objectives of this overview were to: (1) compare currently-used methods; (2) assess assumptions and issues of the methods; and (3) present a generic framework that overcomes possible issues. Based on the overview of fifteen recent representative studies, two methods can be used to estimate absolute magnitudes of ΔQ^c and ΔQ^h, while another method can be used to distinguish relative magnitudes of ΔQ^c versus ΔQ^h only. Because the methods’ fundamental assumptions about baseline versus altered period, water storage change and deep groundwater loss, precipitation-runoff relationship, hysteresis influence of human activity, and record of time series can seldom be satisfied for many watersheds, it is more realistic and practical to distinguish relative effects than to estimate absolute magnitudes of ΔQ^c and ΔQ^h. Moreover, a generic framework was presented for gauged watersheds with negligible groundwater loss, aiming to avoid misuse of the methods in practice.  相似文献   

Study on the Climatic Change Features of Hebei Plain          下载免费PDF全文

Jin-cui Wang  Liang Zhu  Ying Zhang  Ji-chao Sun 《地下水科学与工程》2013,1(3):68-74

Precipitation and groundwater are essential to water circulation and they mutually influence. Groundwater is the main water supply source in Hebei Plain. On the other hand, atmospheric precipitation infiltration recharge is the main supply source of the groundwater in this area. Therefore, the studies on Hebei Plain climatic change features are of great significance to further analyze the influences of climatic changes on groundwater resources. This paper selected 10 ground climatological stations in Hebei Plain in terms of daily precipitation and temperature data from 1961 to 2010 and analyzed the spatial-temporal evolution features of temperature and precipitation. The results showed that the minimum temperature of Hebei Plain in recent 50 years increased significantly; the maximum temperature basically is stable; and the mean temperature presents an obviously increasing trend. In the spatial distribution, it gradually decreases from southwest to northeast on the whole and gradually tends to increase from the coastal to inland. The precipitation in recent 50 years owns obvious interannual change features and spatial distribution features, with a trend of overall periodic decrease and significant decrease of extreme precipitation. The annual mean precipitation intensity and annual mean extreme precipitation intensity gradually increased from piedmont plain to coastal plain. Hebei Plain has a warming and drying development trend on the whole. In space, piedmont plain belongs to the high-temperature and few-water area; coastal plain lies in low-temperature and much-water area; and central plain is in transitional zone. The climatic change and human activities are two influential factors of groundwater resources. Further revealing of the climatic change features of different geomorphic types and measuring and distinguishing of the influences of climatic change and human activities on groundwater remain to be further explored.  相似文献